Estaba leyendo un libro sobre la evolucion del orden economico internacional escrito en 1977 por un profesor de la Universidad de Princeton.Plantea que el que existan paises desarrollados y otros no obedece màs a razones internas que al orden internacional.Parte con Inglaterra que a fines del Siglo XVIII iniciò su revolucion industrial.Su base el carbon conviertiendo la energia en vapor y la fundicion del hierro en remplazo de la madera.Tan simple y que demandaba tan poca inversion.Pero habia otro hecho logrò modernizar su agricultura haciendola màs eficiente.Hubo 2 consecuencias liberò mano de obra que pudo trabajar en la industria y le abriò un mercado a esta ultima.Cualquier pais pudo haber hecho lo mismo durante los primeros 50 años entre1800 a 1850.Candidatos? sus colonias,Australia,Nueva Zelandia,USA o India o algun pais africano.Tambien toda la Europa Oriental.
En Sudamerica estaban en dicho periodo Argentina y Brasil en las mismas condiciones incluso en mejores que los paises nombrados para lograr desarrollarse.Resultado algunos hicieron màs menos lo mismo que Inglaterra y ya en el Siglo XX eran paises desarrollados como Australia o Nueva Zelandia.Pero aca Argentina y Brasil no lo fueron teniendo incluso muchas ventajas como mejores tierras,o estar ubicado en zonas que los otros paises no podian desarrollarse como las plantaciones de cafe o caña de azucar y lo mas importante minerales.
El punto fuè que los herederos de las grandes haciendas o plantaciones que se originaron cuandose despedazó los Imperios portugues o español fueron una clase politica que utilizando una mano de obra barata uno de Africa otro de Italia o España logrò desarrollar un modelo de agricultura de exportacion de trigo,carne,azucar,cafè al resto del mundo y con ello tener las divisas para importar todo lo que necesitaba para tener un standard de vida semejante a lo de un pais desarrollado.Esto sin industria local y sin ningun cambio social.
Resultado la situacion actual:Una gran parte de la poblacion en situacion de pobreza en el campo
con o sin tierra y sin posibilidades de desarrollar màs que una vida de subsistencia.Otra parte de estos pobres migraron a las grandes ciudades formando una mano de obra poco calificada y mal remunerada pero consumiendo recursos limitados del estado y viviendo en condiciones poco dignas.
De alli a que el excedente financiero del llamado primer mundo se interesara primero en el transporte de lo que America Latina producia mediante el prestamos para financiar ferrocarriles que se movian desde la minas y las plantaciones a los puertos no fuè una novedad.
Menos que los barcos hechos de hierro y movidos por vapor fueran ingleses tampoco,Las locomotoras y los barcos a vapor eran productos de la misma revolucion industrial inglesa.Tampoco hubo competencia ni menos oposicion politica cuando en Centro America privados americanos compraron o obtuvieron grandes extensiones de tierra para cosechar azucar,platano,cafe,algunos en pago de imprestitos no cancelados de la construccion de vias ferreas.De alli viene la dicotomia entre paises desarrollados o no que en el fondo es entre paises industralizados y paises mono productores de materias primasLuego y ahora estamos en plena revolucion tecnologica como ultimo hijo de las aplicaciones de la electronica.Si antes se valoraba en kilos de trigo o azucar lo que costaba una maquinaria o un automobil y cada vez se necesitaban màs kilos para comprar un bien industrializado.Ahora la diferencia en contra parece inalcanzable.Un solo ejemplo un modesto notebook vale unos US300 y pesa esa 2.5 kilos en promedio.Para comprarlo hay que enviar teoricamente a China u otro pais asiatico 600 kilos de pan alimento basico suficiente para casi 2 años de un latinoamericano
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I am reading a book on the evolution of the international economic order written in 1977 by a professor at the University of Princeton.His statment ;that there are developed countries and not others is due more to internal reasons that the order internacional.It began with England at the end of eighteenth century with his revolution based on the charcoal industry.His foundation, convert energy into steam iron foundry and replacing the wood.As simple and demanded so little inversion.But had made another achievement to modernize its agriculture by making it more eficient.The conscuences free manpower that could work in the industry and open a market to this last.Anybody country could have done the same during the first 50 years betewen 1800 to 1850.Candidates? Ingland colonies, Australia, New Zealand, USA or India or some african country .Al all Eastern Europe countries. In South America in that period were Argentina and Brazil under the same conditions even better that the countries named to develop.Results to achieve some made more less the same as England and in the twentieth century were developed countries such as Australia or New Zeland.But Brazil and Argentina here were not even have many advantages such as better land, or located in areas that other countries could not develop such as coffee or sugar cane and most important minerals. The point was that the heirs of large estates or plantations originated when they shattered the Spanish and Portuguese empires were a political class that use cheap labor from one other par of earth and managed to develop a model of agricultural exports of wheat, meat, sugar, coffee to rest of the industralized world with therefore have to import all the currencies you need to get a standard of living similar to what a country without no local industry and no social change. As consecuences result the current situation A large proportion of the population living in poverty in the countryside with or without land and without the possibility of developing a life that most of these poor subsistencia.Otra migrated to big cities, forming a low-skilled labor consuming and poorly paid but limited resources of the state and live in conditions little dignity. thence to the financial surplus of the so-called first world is interested in the first carriage of which Latin America produced by borrowing to finance railways that moved from the mines and plantations to the ports was not new. Less than vessels made iron and driven by steam were not Englishmen, locomotives and steam ships were products of the industrial english .No competition and less political opposition in Central America when Americans bought or obtained private large tracts of land to harvest sugar, bananas, coffee, some pay imprestist not canceled derivated of construction of railroads .On this situation was born the dichotomy between developed countries or that the and countries producing commodities .Now we are in the technological revolution as the last son of his applications,electronics . En old times a used measure of development were how many ki of wheat or sugar as a machine or an expensive car and each time was needed to buy a kilos of what,sugar or cooper eas necesary to buy a industrialized good,a car,a machine.Now against the difference seems imposible to achieve.A single example hoe much is worth a modest notebook US300 and weighs about 2.5 kilos .To buy one buy in theory you should be sent to China or another Asian country 600 kilos of bread sufficient staple food for almost 2 years of a Latin American people.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200504/ai_n13642807/
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I am reading a book on the evolution of the international economic order written in 1977 by a professor at the University of Princeton.His statment ;that there are developed countries and not others is due more to internal reasons that the order internacional.It began with England at the end of eighteenth century with his revolution based on the charcoal industry.His foundation, convert energy into steam iron foundry and replacing the wood.As simple and demanded so little inversion.But had made another achievement to modernize its agriculture by making it more eficient.The conscuences free manpower that could work in the industry and open a market to this last.Anybody country could have done the same during the first 50 years betewen 1800 to 1850.Candidates? Ingland colonies, Australia, New Zealand, USA or India or some african country .Al all Eastern Europe countries. In South America in that period were Argentina and Brazil under the same conditions even better that the countries named to develop.Results to achieve some made more less the same as England and in the twentieth century were developed countries such as Australia or New Zeland.But Brazil and Argentina here were not even have many advantages such as better land, or located in areas that other countries could not develop such as coffee or sugar cane and most important minerals. The point was that the heirs of large estates or plantations originated when they shattered the Spanish and Portuguese empires were a political class that use cheap labor from one other par of earth and managed to develop a model of agricultural exports of wheat, meat, sugar, coffee to rest of the industralized world with therefore have to import all the currencies you need to get a standard of living similar to what a country without no local industry and no social change. As consecuences result the current situation A large proportion of the population living in poverty in the countryside with or without land and without the possibility of developing a life that most of these poor subsistencia.Otra migrated to big cities, forming a low-skilled labor consuming and poorly paid but limited resources of the state and live in conditions little dignity. thence to the financial surplus of the so-called first world is interested in the first carriage of which Latin America produced by borrowing to finance railways that moved from the mines and plantations to the ports was not new. Less than vessels made iron and driven by steam were not Englishmen, locomotives and steam ships were products of the industrial english .No competition and less political opposition in Central America when Americans bought or obtained private large tracts of land to harvest sugar, bananas, coffee, some pay imprestist not canceled derivated of construction of railroads .On this situation was born the dichotomy between developed countries or that the and countries producing commodities .Now we are in the technological revolution as the last son of his applications,electronics . En old times a used measure of development were how many ki of wheat or sugar as a machine or an expensive car and each time was needed to buy a kilos of what,sugar or cooper eas necesary to buy a industrialized good,a car,a machine.Now against the difference seems imposible to achieve.A single example hoe much is worth a modest notebook US300 and weighs about 2.5 kilos .To buy one buy in theory you should be sent to China or another Asian country 600 kilos of bread sufficient staple food for almost 2 years of a Latin American people.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200504/ai_n13642807/
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