En 1879 hubo una guerra entre Peru y Bolivia aliadas en la Confederacion contra Chile por la actividad industrial y comercial de chilenos en el territorio norte de Tarapaca derivada de la explotacion del Salitre.Concluida la guerra y con la victoria chilena hubo un arduo trabajo para delimitar la frontera entre Chile con los 2 paises.En el caso del Peru estò concluyò en 1929 en que se estableció como tal una linea denominada Linea de la Concordia al norte de Arica.Entre 1929 y el 2000 se celebraron acuerdos complementarios para salvaguardar de terceros paises los intereses pesqueros en los cuales tambien se incluyeron Ecuador y Colombia.Pero hace poco Peru hizò una presentacion en la Corte Inernacional de la Haya en Holanda planteando un nuevo criterio para la delimitacion de las area maritimas en la zona limitrofe.Para Chile todo esta en regla y sancionadopor tratados ya suscritos.La Corte ha recepcionado la documentacion peruana y se tomarà su tiempo para estudiar el asunto.Algunos calculan hasta 5 años.
En el intertanto en la prensa y en la agenda politica de ambos paises es tema de actualidad.
La presentacion peruana sin juzgar sus argumentos parece cosa del pasado.Es como si
en Europa algun pais que participó en la primera guerra mundial como Checoeslovaquia
Austria o Hungria quisiera recuperar los limites que tenian en 1914.Eso es imposible porque el mundo de hace 90 años ya no existe salvo en la historia.Europa está ahora unificada,han habido cambios politicos drasticos que han sepultado idelogias como el nazismo y el comunismo.Han surgido nuevas formas de relacionarse entre los paises como el mercado comun y hay incluso una integracion politica y cultural que hace de las fronteras solo una formalidad aduanera que ya no requiere el contar con un pasaporte y la gente y las mercaderias circulan libremente en todo el continente.
Las fronteras ordenadas como fuertes murallas con gran cantidad de controles que existian en el tiempo de los regimenes comunistas con gran presencia militar y policial seria un anacronismo ahora.
Es con esa otra realidad más pragmatica y moderna que es necesario analizar el tema.
Cuando se constituyeron las naciones americanas independientes del Imperio español o portugues la mayor parte de los territorios estaban escasamente poblados en las actuales fronteras y como ahora la poblacion se concentraba en una alta proporcion en las capitales.Las fronteras más que una necesidad de identidad cultural eran más bien lineas militares derivadas a partir de acuerdos de limites sobre los limites de los virreinatos y Capitanias del Imperio español.En muchos casos sobre todo en que los rios y cordilleras del Amazonas andino eran los limites por muchos años el limite de los paises eran más bien lineas en mapas con escasa informacion o bien hitos que colocados en la selva eran consumidos por el retorno de la vegetacion al año de colocados.Sin embargo ello dió origen posteriormente a cruentas guerras que drenó la poblacion de los paises y la economia.
Por eso que el tema de los limites de Chile con Peru objetivamente no agrega nada relevante al desarrollo de este ultimo pais .Mas bien corresponde a una forma anticuada de pensar que el papel de las relaciones exteriores es continuamente estar revisando los limites para agregar más territorio pensando que es la mejor estrategia para desarrollar el pais.
Pero el desarrollo moderno va por otro lado.Desde Bolivar el sueño compartido ha sido la integracion no solo economica sino politica de los paises americanos.Pero los avances han sido magros siendo una necesidad mundial que la unificacion en grandes bloque logra avances en todas las areas.Incluso latinomarica lo requiere con mayor urgencia que Europa.
Si uno es objetivo pensando en el area donde se plantea la cuestion uno ve que por poner algunos ejemplos es màs urgente investigar cientificamente porque las poblaciones de peces han disminuido en todo el area adyecente a la corriente del Niño.Y esta no obedece a limites de fronteras.Tambien el como lograr regar las areas deserticas del norte chileno o del sur peruano logrando mediante investigacion e inversion tecnologica un cluster agricola nuevo en una zona climaticamente excepcional.Tambien el tema de la ampliacion de la matriz energetica en un area donde no hay agua,mediante uso de la energia eolica solar o del mar para potenciar actividades industriales nuevas.
Pero eso supone una mirada distinta mirando al futuro,aprovechando lo que une que son las carencias y las experiencias de integracion que ya se han dado y que los mismos pueblos por si solo han buscado.No es por casualidad que un amplio contingente de poblacion peruana ha migrado a Chile la gran mayoria por razones economicas.Su trabajo ha sido un aporte a los 2 paises.Tambien muchas inversiones de ambos paises se realiza en el otro y aporta al desarrollo.Todo esto aporta màs a los paises que sesudas discusiones en torno a documentos en la Haya.Las nuevas tecnologias de la informacion han tambien minimizado el papel de las fronteras.
Por eso màs que palabras se requiere de una actitud distinta basado en la solidaridad y en la conviccion que es mas valioso ponerse de acuerdo en lo que une y no en lo que desune.Lo que une a los pueblos es lo que los beneficia a ambos pero
concretamente creando màs riqueza material y espiritual y eso se consigue màs que con declaraciones con obras concretas de integracion binacional no solo en las fronteras sino en todo los paises.Pero para eso de requiere una voluntad de colaboracion màs acorde con los tiempos modernos no mirando un pasado que es eso,pasado.
In 1879 there was a war between Peru and Bolivia allied in the Confederation with Chile by the industrial and commercial activity by chileans inNorthern Territory of Tarapaca from the exploitation of Salitre.Concluded the war and the chilean victory was a hard work to demarcate the border between Chile with both countries.En the case of Peru CHile negotation it ended in 1929 whith established as a line called the Line of Concord north of Arica.Entre 1929 and 2000 were held agreements to safeguard against third countries fishing interests in which are also included Ecuador and Peru Colombia.But Perou recently made a presentation in Internacional Court in the Hague in Holland to be a new criterion for the delimitation of the maritime area in the area around limitrofe.Para Chile all are in order in a frontiers Internatio teatrise suscribed in 1929 and sanctioned and without objections by more than 70 years.The Court has already taken over the Peruvian documentation and take time to study the issue..
In the meantime thie issue is in the press and the political agenda in both countries.Peruvian presentation without judging their arguments seem like a thing of thepast .Is something like
any country in Europe that participated in World War I as Czechoslovakia
Austria and Hungary would like to retrieve the limitations in 1914.Eso is impossible because the world 90 years ago no longer exists except in the historia.Europa is now unified, there have been dramatic political changes that have buried ideology as Nazism and Communism . new forms of relations between countries as the market and there is even a common political and cultural borders that makes a single customs formalities no longer required to have a passport and people and goods move freely throughout the continent.
The boundaries ordered as strong walls with lots of controls that existed at the time of the communist regimes with military and police presence would be an anachronism now.
With that other reality is more pragmatic and modern it is necessary to analyze the issue.
When the American nations became independent from Spanish or Portuguese Empire the most sparsely populated territories were in present borders and now living in a high proportion in capitals.The borders rather than a need for cultural identity were more military lines derived from agreements on the limits of boundaries of the Empire viceroyalties and captaincies od spanish Empirel.En many cases especially in the rivers and mountain ranges of the Andes were Amazonas limits for many years, the limit of the countries were more or lines on maps with little information or landmarks that were placed in the forest consumed by the return of vegetation to hidden this signals. Subsequently those gave rise to bloody wars that drained the population of the country and the economy. The issue of limits with Chile Peru objectively adds nothing relevant to the development of this country .Corresponds to a rather antiquated way of thinking that the role of external relations is continuously being revised to add more territory boundaries to believe that the best strategy to develop the country.
But modern development is another shared lado.Desde Bolivar's dream has not only economical but integration policies of the americans countries.But progress has been meager need as a global unification in big block makes progress in all areas. Latinomerica required even more urgently to Europe.
If the target area is development are more crucial issues.To give a few examples .scientific research is needed and more urgent on all Pacific Sea of both countries because the fish stocks have declined throughout the area near the flow of Niño.And this is not due to delimitations frontiers.Also how to irrigate the desert areas of northern Chile and southern Peru achieved through investment in technology research and a new cluster in an agricultural zone climate excepcional.Also the issue of enlargement of the energy matrix in an area where are no water through use of solar or wind energy from the sea to boost new industries.
But that implies a different view looking forward, building on what unites and not in divided and pat issues .Integration experience have already been given and that the people alone have searched and founded.No by chance a large number of Peruvian population Chile has migrated to the vast majority for economics reasons .His work was a contribution to the 2 countries.The significant investment from both countries are on the other and this brings mutual welfare.All contribute more to the countries that thoughtful discussions on Hague.Last the new information technologies have also minimized the role of borders.
More than words That's why you need a different attitude based on solidarity and the belief is more valuable to agree on what unites and not what desune.,uniting people is what the benefits to both but
specifically creating more material wealth and spiritual and that which is most concrete statements of binational integration not only across borders .But this requires a willingness to work more in line with modern times no one watching that is past is past.
Link
In the meantime thie issue is in the press and the political agenda in both countries.Peruvian presentation without judging their arguments seem like a thing of thepast .Is something like
any country in Europe that participated in World War I as Czechoslovakia
Austria and Hungary would like to retrieve the limitations in 1914.Eso is impossible because the world 90 years ago no longer exists except in the historia.Europa is now unified, there have been dramatic political changes that have buried ideology as Nazism and Communism . new forms of relations between countries as the market and there is even a common political and cultural borders that makes a single customs formalities no longer required to have a passport and people and goods move freely throughout the continent.
The boundaries ordered as strong walls with lots of controls that existed at the time of the communist regimes with military and police presence would be an anachronism now.
With that other reality is more pragmatic and modern it is necessary to analyze the issue.
When the American nations became independent from Spanish or Portuguese Empire the most sparsely populated territories were in present borders and now living in a high proportion in capitals.The borders rather than a need for cultural identity were more military lines derived from agreements on the limits of boundaries of the Empire viceroyalties and captaincies od spanish Empirel.En many cases especially in the rivers and mountain ranges of the Andes were Amazonas limits for many years, the limit of the countries were more or lines on maps with little information or landmarks that were placed in the forest consumed by the return of vegetation to hidden this signals. Subsequently those gave rise to bloody wars that drained the population of the country and the economy. The issue of limits with Chile Peru objectively adds nothing relevant to the development of this country .Corresponds to a rather antiquated way of thinking that the role of external relations is continuously being revised to add more territory boundaries to believe that the best strategy to develop the country.
But modern development is another shared lado.Desde Bolivar's dream has not only economical but integration policies of the americans countries.But progress has been meager need as a global unification in big block makes progress in all areas. Latinomerica required even more urgently to Europe.
If the target area is development are more crucial issues.To give a few examples .scientific research is needed and more urgent on all Pacific Sea of both countries because the fish stocks have declined throughout the area near the flow of Niño.And this is not due to delimitations frontiers.Also how to irrigate the desert areas of northern Chile and southern Peru achieved through investment in technology research and a new cluster in an agricultural zone climate excepcional.Also the issue of enlargement of the energy matrix in an area where are no water through use of solar or wind energy from the sea to boost new industries.
But that implies a different view looking forward, building on what unites and not in divided and pat issues .Integration experience have already been given and that the people alone have searched and founded.No by chance a large number of Peruvian population Chile has migrated to the vast majority for economics reasons .His work was a contribution to the 2 countries.The significant investment from both countries are on the other and this brings mutual welfare.All contribute more to the countries that thoughtful discussions on Hague.Last the new information technologies have also minimized the role of borders.
More than words That's why you need a different attitude based on solidarity and the belief is more valuable to agree on what unites and not what desune.,uniting people is what the benefits to both but
specifically creating more material wealth and spiritual and that which is most concrete statements of binational integration not only across borders .But this requires a willingness to work more in line with modern times no one watching that is past is past.
Link
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